Lot 378

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Description:

Henry Vane the Younger English Civil War Dated DS

Part of a document signed by Henry Vane the Younger (1613-1662), the influential Puritan politician, as "H: Vane" near the top. The larger document of which this fragment was a part is July 19, 1644, and was likely issued from the Committee of his Majesty's Revenue convening at Westminster, England. Also including the full or partial signatures of two other officials, Sir Henry Mildmay and Francis Rous. Portions of secretarial inscription can be found at top and bottom. Docketed on the second inner page. The bifold document is hinged at left to a larger paper mount. Unevenly torn along the right edge. Expected toning and weathering, else very good. The mount measures 5.875" x 6.5."

This was likely part of a directive issued by the Committee for his Majesty's Revenue, "To our Loveing friend Thomas Fauconbridge --- Receiver Generall of the Revenue." (Thomas Fauconbridge's last name is alternately spelled as "Thomas Falconbridge" and "Thomas Faulconbridge" in contemporary documents.)

Sir Henry Vane the Younger, sometimes called Harry to differentiate him from his father Sir Henry Vane the Elder (1589-1655), became a Puritan during adolescence. After emigrating to the New World, he briefly served as the Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony during one of its most difficult phases: discord over the fate of religious dissident Anne Hutchinson. Harry soon returned to England where he earned various political appointments; he was knighted by Charles I in 1640. Both he and his father sided with the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Though he did not support Charles I's execution, and indeed abjured from signing the king's death warrant, Sir Henry Vane the Younger was executed in 1662 after the restoration of the Stuart monarchy.

The two other committee members who signed this treasury order, Sir Henry Mildmay and Francis Rous, both eventually advocated for the execution of Charles I. Only Mildmay is considered a regicide, though technically he too did not sign Charles I's death warrant.

- Partially signed by Sir Henry Mildmay (ca. 1593-ca. 1664/68) as "Henry: Mildm--" below Vane's signature. Mildmay had held royal office in the 1620s and 1630s, but had become a reluctant Parliamentarian by 1641. Mildmay served as revenue commissioner between 1645-1652. He was appointed a judge at Charles I's trial.

- Signed by Francis Rous (ca. 1579/81-1569) as "f Rous" below Mildmay's partial signature. Francis Rous had been nominated as lay assessor to the Westminster Assembly in June 1643. Later in 1649, he authored a religious treatise legitimizing the Commonwealth of England.

This manuscript becomes remarkable when one considers that it dates from the throes of the English Civil War (1642-1651). A conflict at once rooted in political governance and religious freedom, the English Civil War pitted Protestant Parliamentarians against Catholic Royalists. In 1644, when this document was signed, there were two dueling parliamentary bodies. One convened at Oxford (called the Oxford Parliament) at Charles I's invitation; its members were pro-Royalist. The other body, also known as the Long Parliament, convened at Westminster; its members favored more revolutionary aims and ruled by "ordinance" as opposed to "royal assent." As we know, Sir Henry Vane and the other cosignatories belonged to this second legislative body.

This item comes with a Certificate from John Reznikoff, a premier authenticator for both major 3rd party authentication services, PSA and JSA (James Spence Authentications), as well as numerous auction houses.

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